Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) is a versatile buffer solution widely used in biological research due to its isotonic and non-toxic nature to cells. With a pH range of 7.0 to 7.4, PBS mimics the osmolarity and ion concentrations of the human body, making it ideal for a variety of applications including protein purification, as wash buffer in Western blot and immunoassays, sample dilution, and as a transport medium for tissue samples as well as RNA viruses.